Definition paragraph for scholarly article

This article is based on the controversy topic of mandating electrocardiogram screenings for high school and college athletes.  An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical test that measures the activity of the heart.  The electrical impulses are recorded on a graph paper, which shows any abnormalities with the heart rhythm.  ECG screenings are used to detect certain heart diseases, which may result in Sudden Cardiovascular Death (SCD).  SCD is an unexpected death in which the heart stops beating efficiently.  The controversy of mandating ECG screening involves the comparisons of clinical examination and ECG screening or clinical examination alone.  Clinical examination is a thorough physical examination performed by a primary caregiver who makes a clinical diagnosis whether the athlete is cleared to participate in sports.  In order for testing to be successful, test sensitivity and test specificity are essential.  Test sensitivity is the accuracy of the test to record certain heart conditions in any given population.  If the test sensitivity is low, the ECG is unreliable and the argument to mandate ECG screenings will cease.  Test specificity is the accuracy of the results.  Since false positive rates are a disadvantage of ECG screenings, creating more accuracy would ensure the mandating. The results must measure both positive and negative diagnosis accurately.  These terms are essential in order to understand the controversial topic of mandating ECG screening for athletes.